In the world there are a variety of species (types) of fruit flies with a level of ferocity that is different. One of the species that are known to be very ferocious Ceratitis capitata Wied is. (As the other Mediterranean Fruit Fly or Medfly) which became the most important pests of citrus crops in the area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, South Africa, Australia and Brazil.
Fruit flies have a lot of species, among species of it, the very damaging is the Bactrocera spp., the main target of his attacks includes: star fruit is sweet, Syzygium samarangense, guava (guava Bangkok), jackfruit, mango, watermelon, melon, and chili.
Typical properties of the fruit fly are only able to lay eggs in the fruit. The larva (maggots) hatches from the eggs that will damage the flesh of the fruit, so that fruit rot and fall. Consumers are often disappointed because the fruit mango bought contain maggots or foul. This can lower the competitiveness of horticultural commodities in nearly all nations in the worldwide marketplace. Fruit fly control efforts have been contracted by many farmers, but the effects have not been acceptable. How a simple control that is customarily performed by a farmer is covering the fruit, but this feat is nonetheless restricted to certain fruits like star fruit, guava, jack, and jack. For fruit trees and dense bear fruit, such as mango, how difficult this fruit Encasement.
Where Do Fruit Flies Come From?
As a first step an effort control fruit flies, then the knowledge and ability of horticulture protection, human resources (Government apparatus as well as farmers) need to be scaled up programmatically. A broad range of information technology and research on fruit flies, for example ekobiologi and control techniques, need to continue to be produced and distributed to the public. Another matter that is not as important is discipline Community farmers in an attempt to cope with fruit flies.
FRUIT FLY CONTROL
Various ways of control that may be used and combined one with the other is: (1) prevention against fruit flies, (2) the sanitation of gardens, (3) The use of traps and attraction, (4) The utilization of natural enemy (is the biological control), (5) the use of trap crops, (6) sterile insect technique, eradikasi, (7) and (8) of the mechanical physical.
1. Prevention Against fruit flies
Prevention against fruit fly attacks can be carried out by means of:
a. Quarantine regulations
The application of strict quarantine regulations to prevent the entry of fruit flies from the region or country that is known to have problems with fruit flies. For example: banned the import of fresh fruits of the region/country known to be stricken with fruit flies without post-harvest treatment and prohibits tourists or residents of Indonesia bring fruit from overseas in quarantine officer transfer without permission. In New Zealand, each year found 7--33 times catching fruit flies in freight and passenger luggage in time 10--28, with more than 750 larvae in one piece.
b. Encasement Fruit
Venture covering the fruit in the garden area, the trees are tall, dense and fruitful to prevent stricken not fruit flies are less practical. However, if the wage labor is cheap and widely available, then such efforts can do. The advantage of this way is fruits spared from attack fruit flies, clean, smooth, without chemical pollution.
The usual way of covering farmers ' is done using paper, carbon paper, black plastic, teak leaves, banana leaves, or fabric for fruits that aren't too big like star fruit, cashew rocks, etc. For fruits jackfruit or Artocarpus integer usually farmers using woven coconut leaves, plastic, or paper sacks of cement.
The usual way of covering farmers ' is done using paper, carbon paper, black plastic, teak leaves, banana leaves, or fabric for fruits that aren't too big like star fruit, cashew rocks, etc. For fruits jackfruit or Artocarpus integer usually farmers using woven coconut leaves, plastic, or paper sacks of cement.
In covering any fruit, wrapping material used, the requirement is not easily broken, dark, and can keep moisture within the wrapper. Each type of wrappers has an excess or deficiency.
Time pengerodongan in order to be adapted to the type of fruit. For example, for fruit star fruit should be done as early as possible, while for the fruit mango fruit ripening before entering the stadium. Fruit flies are generally interested in the color yellow and the methyl eugenol or ammonia produced by some types of flowers and fruits, so the effort pengerodongan very early fruits help reduce fruit fly attacks.
c.. Fogging
The purpose of the fogging is to repel fruit flies that came to pertanaman. Fogging is done by burning litter/straw until it becomes large enough coals, then switched off and on it put its timber that is not too dry. Fogging around the tree is able to repel fruit flies and is effective for 3 days. When the smoke has lost fruit flies will be back again. Fogging for 13 hours informed can kill fruit flies.
2. Garden Sanitation
Garden sanitation aimed at severing or disrupting the life cycle of fruit flies, so the development of fruit flies can be suppressed. Garden sanitation is performed by means of collecting the fruits of the stricken, either fall or still in the trees, then destroyed by burning or sunk in the ground (Figure 13). Thus, larvae larvae are still found in the fruit can not continue the cycle of his life to become pupae in the soil. The fruit of the fall left under the tree, it is also opportune for longer gives the egg by fruit flies. This is in accordance with the observations of the maintenance (rearing) that guava fruit stones, Syzygium samarangense, and star fruit that fell very potential as sources of infection of fruit flies. However, most farmers thought that sanitation the fruits fall useless and a waste of time.
To interrupt the life cycle of fruit flies can also be performed enumeration (demolition) moderately in under the heading of the tree (but be careful not to injure the roots), uneven, and often. Pupae in the soil will be exposed to the Sun, disrupted his life and eventually die. The bushes or weeds can be used as alternative host, especially when not fruiting season, so needs to be cleaned up to a radius of 1.5--3.0 km around the pertanaman area.
Fruit fly control by means of sanitation, the result will be more effective if carried out by all the farmers on a wide expanse and simultaneously.
Read also how fruit flies breed
